model checkpoint

config/sonobulus.cfg

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Logger = (
             "Error"
         );
 
-        ShowTime = true;
+        ShowTime = false;
         ShowSourceTrace = false;
         CoutEnabled = true;
 

scripts/first_order.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import numpy as np
 # www.halvorsen.blog/documents/programming/python/resources/powerpoints/State Space Models with Python.pdf
 
 # simulation Parameters
+
 x0 = [0, 0]
 start = 0
 stop = 30

scripts/string_model_de.py

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import numpy as np
+import math
+
+# https://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~ridg/stabil/pianostring.pdf
+# a differential equations model for a piano string
+
+# eq 1: governing wave equation
+# d2y/dt2 = c^2*d2y/dx2 - stiffness*c^2*L^2*d4y/dx4 - 2*b_1*dy/dt + 2*b_3*d3y/dt3 + f(x, x_0, t)
+# where y = string's transverse displacement, b_1, b_3 = damping coefficients, f = force density
+# c = sqrt(T/mu), transverse wave velocity , T = string tension, mu = string linear mass density)
+
+# eq 2: string stiffness
+# stiffness = K^2*(E*S/(T*L^2))
+# where K = string's radius of gyration (r/2 for a circular string), E = string's Young's modulus,
+# S = cross sectional string area, T = string tension, L = string length
+
+# eq 3: decay
+# sigma = 1/tau = b_1 + b_3*omega^2
+# where sigma = decay rate, tau = decay time, omega = angular frequency
+
+# eq 4: excitation
+# f(x, x_0, t) = f_H(t) * g(x, x_0)
+# where f_H(t) = hammer force, g(x, x_0) = hammer dimensional effect
+
+# eq 5: hammer time history
+# read the paper if you care, useful only for derivation
+
+# eq 6: power law
+# F_H(t) = K*|eta(t) - y(x_0, t)|^p
+# where eta(t) is the transverse displacement of the hammer head
+# and p = stiffness nonlinear exponent
+
+# eq 7: hammer displacement
+# M_H*d2eta/dt2 = -F_H(t)
+# where M_H is the mass of the hamemr head
+
+# eq 8: boundary conditions
+# y(0, t) = y(L, t) = 0, fixed ends dont move
+# d2y/dx2(0, t) = d2y/dx2(L, t) = 0, displacement along the string approaching the ends is continuous
+
+# discrete time implementation
+
+# eq 9: continuous to discrete
+# y(x, t) -> y(x_i, t_n) -> y(i, n)
+# divide the string into i segments and iterate over n timesteps
+# where x_i = delta_x * i and t_n = delta_t * n
+
+# eq 10: recurrence derivation
+# y(i, n+1) = a_1*y(i, n) + a_2*y(i, n-1) + a_3*[y(i+1, n) + y(i-1, n)] + a_4*[y(i+2,n) + y(i-2,n)]
+#               + a_5*[y(i+1, n-1) + y(i-1, n-1) + y(i, n-2)]
+#               + [delta_t^2 * N*F_H(n) * g(i, i_0)]/M_S
+# where a_1 through a_5 are defined as follows:
+# a_1 = [2 - 2*r^2 + b_1/delta_t - 6*stiffness*N^2*r^2]/D
+# a_2 = [-1 + b_1*delta_t + 2*b_3/delta_t]/D
+# a_3 = [r^2*(1 + 4*stiffness*N^2)]/D
+# a_4 = [b_3/delta_t - stiffness*N^2*r^2]/D
+# a_5 = [-b_3/delta_t]/D
+# where D = 1 + b_1*delta_t + 2*b_3/delta_t
+# and r = c*delta_t/delta_x
+
+# eq 11: stability condition
+# N_max = sqrt{[-1 + sqrt(1+16*stiffness*gamma^2)]/(8*stiffness)}
+# where
+# eq 12: idk what gamma represents
+# gamma = f_e/(2*f_1), f_e = sampling frequency and f_1 = fundamental frequency
+# or
+# eq 13: if neglecting stiffness
+# N_max = gamma
+
+# eq 14: rest condition
+# y(i, 0) = 0
+
+# eq 15: discrete hammer displacement
+# at t = delta_t (n = 1)
+# eta(1) = V_H_0 * delta_t
+
+# eq 16: discrete truncated taylor series
+# y(i, 1) = [y(i + 1, 0) + y(i - 1, 0)]/2
+
+# eq 17: hammer force exertion
+# F_H(1) = K*|eta(1) - y(i_0, 1)|^p
+
+# eq 18: string displacement iteration
+# y(i, 2) = y(i-1, 1)] + y(i + 1, 1) - y(i, 0) + [delta_t^2 * N*F_H(1) * g(i, i_0)]/M_S
+
+# eq 19: hammer displacement iteration
+# eta(2) = 2*eta(1) - eta(0) - [delta_t^2 * F_H(1)]/M_H
+
+# eq 20: hammer force iteration
+# F_H(2) = K*|eta(2) - y(i_0, 2)|^p
+
+# eq 21: hammer rest condition
+# eta(n + 1) < y(i_0, n + 1)
+
+# eq 22: spacial boundary conditions
+# y(0, n) = y(N, n) = 0
+
+# eq 23: temporal boundary conditions
+# y(-1, n) = -y(1, n)
+# y(N + 1, n) = -y(N - 1, n)
+
+# string parameters
+E = 1 # youngs modulus
+mu = 1 # linear mass density
+kappa = 1 # radius of gyration
+L = 1 # string length
+M_S = mu*L # string mass
+S = 1 # string cross sectional area
+T = 1 # string tension
+c = math.sqrt(T/mu) # transverse wave velocity
+stiffness = 1 # string stiffness parameter
+sigma = 1 # decay rate
+tau = 1/sigma # decay time
+omega = 1 # angular frequency
+
+# hammer parameters
+M_H = 1 # hammer mass
+HSMR = M_H/M_S # hammer-mass string ratio
+V_H_0 = 1 # initial hammer velocity at t=0
+x_0 = 1 # distance of hammer from agraffe
+alpha = x_0 / L # relative hammer striking position
+
+# simulation parameters
+f1 = 440 # fundamental frequency
+f_e = 44100 # sampling frequency
+N = 100 # number of string segments
+delta_t = 1/f_e # time step
+delta_x = L/N # spatial step
+H = f_e * 10 # length of simulation in time
+
+# empirical constants
+b_1 = 1 # some constant
+b_3 = 1 # some constant 
+K = 1 # hammer stiffness
+p = 1 # stiffness nonlinear exponent
+
+# derived components
+D = 1 + b_1*delta_t + 2*b_3/delta_t
+r = c*delta_t/delta_x
+a_1 = (2 - 2*r**2 + b_1/delta_t - 6*stiffness*N**2*r**2)/D
+a_2 = (-1 + b_1*delta_t + 2*b_3/delta_t)/D
+a_3 = (r**2*(1 + 4*stiffness*N**2))/D
+a_4 = (b_3/delta_t - stiffness*N**2*r**2)/D
+a_5 = (-b_3/delta_t)/D
+
+
+x = [0] * N # current string position
+last_x1 = [0] * N # string position from last timestep
+last_x2 = [0] * N # string position from two timesteps ago
+x_next = [0] * N # buffer for next string position
+
+x_out = np.zeros(H) # taking this as the sound output at some artibraty point along the string
+t = np.arange(0, H/f_e, delta_t)
+
+for n in range(H): # time
+
+    for i in range(N): # space
+        x_out[n] = math.sin(n/10000)
+
+# plotting
+plt.plot(t, x_out)
+plt.title("Step Response")
+plt.xlabel("t")
+plt.ylabel("y")
+plt.grid()
+plt.show()

scripts/string_model_ss.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+
+import scipy.signal as sig
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import numpy as np
+import math
+
+# simple first order step response simulation
+# www.halvorsen.blog/documents/programming/python/resources/powerpoints/State Space Models with Python.pdf
+
+# simulation Parameters
+
+# string pde (wave equation)
+# rho*A*d2y(x,t)/dt2 + c*dy(x,t)/dt - T*d2y(x,t)/dx2 = f(x,t)
+# where rho*A = 1 dimensional string density, c = string damping, T = string tension, y(x,t) = displacement, f(x,t) = exitation force
+
+# assume fixed ends: y(0, t) = y(L, t) = 0
+
+# displacement y(x,t) can be represented as the sum from n=1 to N of qn(t)*sin(n*pi*x/L) where q_n(t) is the modal coordinate of mode n (displacement is the sum of all resonating modes)
+# therefore:
+# q..n + 2*zeta_n*omega_n*q.n + omega_n2*q_n = b_n*u(t)
+# where omega_n = n*pi/L * sqrt(T/(rho*A)) for an ideal string
+# and b_n = sin(n*pi*x_h/L) but assuming the hammer strikes at midpoint, x_h = L/2 ( b_n = sin(n*pi/2) )
+
+# state space representation:
+# each mode:
+#「 q_n_dot     | =「      0               1        | 「  q_n   | + 「  0  |* u
+# L q_n_dot_dot 」= L -omega_n^2  -2*zeta_n*omega_n 」 L q_ndot 」   L b_n 」
+# and x_dot = Ax + Bu
+# where A = diagonal matrix of A_n and B = [ 0 b_1 0 b_2 ... b_n]^T
+
+# lets start with 3 nodes where the string is tuned to 440hz (we'll get to arbitrary modes evantually)
+f_1 = 440 # fundamental frequency
+def f_n(n):
+    return f_1 * n
+def omega_n(n):
+    return 2*math.pi*f_n(n) # a cooler option would be omega_n = c*n*omega_1*sqrt(1+B*n^2) to factor in string stiffness to its vibration mode
+
+# x = [ q1, q1dot, q2, q2dot, q3, q3dot ]^T < --state vector
+omega_1 = omega_n(1)
+omega_2 = omega_n(2)
+omega_3 = omega_n(3)
+zeta_1 = 0.0001 # i guessed
+zeta_2 = 2 * zeta_1
+zeta_3 = 3 * zeta_1
+A = [
+        [          0,                 1,           0,                 0,           0,                 0],
+        [-omega_1**2, -2*zeta_1*omega_1,           0,                 0,           0,                 0],
+        [          0,                 0,           0,                 1,           0,                 0],
+        [          0,                 0, -omega_2**2, -2*zeta_2*omega_2,           0,                 0],
+        [          0,                 0,           0,                 0,           0,                 1],
+        [          0,                 0,           0,                 0, -omega_3**2, -2*zeta_3*omega_3]
+    ] # isnt this formatting gorgeous
+
+B = [ [0], [0.707], [0], [0], [0], [-0.707] ]
+c_1 = 0.001
+c_2 = c_1 / 2
+c_3 = c_1 / 3
+C = [[-c_1*omega_1**2, -2*c_1*zeta_1*omega_1, -c_2*omega_2**2, -2*c_2*zeta_2*omega_2, -c_3*omega_3**2, -2*c_3*zeta_3*omega_3]]
+D = c_1 * 0.707 + c_2 * 0 + c_3 * (-0.707)
+
+# input
+#v_h = 100 # hammer velocity
+#u = v_h * impulse(t)
+
+x0 = [[0], [0], [0], [0], [0], [0]]
+start = 0
+stop = 10
+step = 1/44100
+
+t = np.arange(start,stop,step)
+sys = sig.StateSpace(A, B, C, D)
+
+# step Response
+t, y = sig.impulse(sys, T=t)
+
+# plotting
+plt.plot(t, y)
+plt.title("Step Response")
+plt.xlabel("t")
+plt.ylabel("y")
+plt.grid()
+plt.show()

src/main.cpp

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
     // create app objects
     ConfigService config = ConfigService("config/sonobulus.cfg");
     LoggerService logger = LoggerService(&config, "Engine");
-    NoteQueue queue = NoteQueue();
+    NoteQueue queue = NoteQueue(&config, &logger);
-    ScopeBuffer scopeBuffer = ScopeBuffer(512);
+    ScopeBuffer scopeBuffer = ScopeBuffer(&config, &logger, 2048);
     KeyboardController keyboard(&config, &logger, &queue);
     MidiController midi(&config, &logger, &queue);
     Synth synth(&config, &logger, &scopeBuffer, &queue);
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
     engine.load(QUrl::fromLocalFile("ui/Main.qml")); // ugh
 
     if(engine.rootObjects().isEmpty()) {
-        std::cout << "engine is empty" << std::endl;
+        logger.log("Main", LogFlag::Error, "Engine is empty.");
         return -1;
     }
 

src/synth/AudioEngine.cpp

@@ -9,11 +9,8 @@
 AudioEngine::AudioEngine(ConfigService* config, LoggerService* logger, Synth* synth) : config_(config), logger_(logger), synth_(synth) {
 
     if(audioDevice_.getDeviceCount() < 1) {
-        std::cout << "No audio devices found" << std::endl;
+        logger_->log("Audio", LogFlag::Error, "No audio devices found.");
     }
-
-    if(logger_ == nullptr) std::cout << "err: logger nullptr" << std::endl;
-
 }
 
 AudioEngine::~AudioEngine() {
@@ -33,13 +30,13 @@ bool AudioEngine::start() {
 
     RtAudioErrorType status = audioDevice_.openStream(&params, nullptr, RTAUDIO_FLOAT32, sampleRate_, &bufferFrames_, &AudioEngine::audioCallback, this, &options);
     if(status != RTAUDIO_NO_ERROR) {
-        std::cout << "Error opening RtAudio stream" << std::endl;
+        logger_->log("Audio", LogFlag::Error, "Error opening RtAudio stream.");
         return false;
     } 
     
     status = audioDevice_.startStream();
     if(status != RTAUDIO_NO_ERROR) {
-        std::cout << "Error starting RtAudio stream" << std::endl;
+        logger_->log("Audio", LogFlag::Error, "Error starting RtAudio stream.");
         return false;
     } 
 

src/synth/Instrument.cpp

@@ -30,17 +30,19 @@ float Instrument::process(bool& scopeTrigger) {
     if(active_ && envelope_ < 1.0f) envelope_ += 0.01f;
     if(!active_ && envelope_ > 0.0f) envelope_ -= 0.0004f;
 
+    if(!isActive()) return 0.0f;
+
     phase_ += phaseIncrement_;
     if(phase_ > 2.0f * pi) {
         phase_ -= 2.0f * pi;
         scopeTrigger = true;
     }
 
-    if(!isActive()) return 0.0f;
-
     // float sample = sin(phase_);
-    float sample = phase_ / pi - 1.0f; // saw
+    targetSample = phase_ / pi - 1.0f; // saw
 
-    return sample * envelope_;
+    currentSample = (1.0f - responsiveness_) * currentSample + responsiveness_ * targetSample;
+
+    return currentSample * envelope_;
 
 }

src/synth/Instrument.hpp

@@ -34,4 +34,8 @@ private:
     float phaseIncrement_ = 0.0f;
     float envelope_ = 0.0f;
 
+    float targetSample = 0.0f;
+    float currentSample = 0.0f;
+    static constexpr float responsiveness_ = 0.1f;
+
 };

src/synth/MidiController.cpp

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ MidiController::MidiController(ConfigService* config, LoggerService* logger, Not
 #endif
         midiIn_->ignoreTypes(false, false, false);
     } catch (RtMidiError& e) {
-        std::cout << "RtMidi init failed: " << e.getMessage() << std::endl;
+        std::string msg = "RtMidi init failed: " + e.getMessage();
+        logger_->log("MIDI", LogFlag::Warning, msg);
     }
     
     openDefaultPort();
@@ -25,18 +26,21 @@ MidiController::~MidiController() {
 }
 
 // open the first for thats successful
+// we could also add an option in the config for a preferred port name
 bool MidiController::openDefaultPort() {
     if (!midiIn_) return false;
     if (midiIn_->getPortCount() == 0) {
-        std::cout << "No MIDI input ports available" << std::endl;
+        logger_->log("MIDI", LogFlag::Warning, "No MIDI input ports available.");
         return false;
     }
 
+    // TODO: the ui will eventually need this class to expose the available midi ports so they can be chosen dynamically
     uint32_t portCount = midiIn_->getPortCount();
-    std::cout << "Available MidiIn ports: " << portCount << std::endl;
+    std::string msg = "Available MidiIn ports: " + std::to_string(portCount);
+    logger_->log("MIDI", LogFlag::Info, msg);
     for (int i = 0; i < portCount; i++) {
-        std::cout << "#" << i << " : " << midiIn_->getPortName(i) << std::endl;
+        msg = "\t#" + std::to_string(i) + " : " + midiIn_->getPortName(i);
-
+        logger_->log("MIDI", LogFlag::Info, msg);
         if(openPort(i)) return true;
     }
 
@@ -49,11 +53,13 @@ bool MidiController::openPort(unsigned int index) {
     try {
         midiIn_->openPort(index);
         midiIn_->setCallback(&MidiController::midiCallback, this);
-        std::cout << "Opened MIDI port: " << midiIn_->getPortName(index) << std::endl;
+
+        std::string msg = "Opened MIDI port: " + midiIn_->getPortName(index);
+        logger_->log("MIDI", LogFlag::Info, msg);
         return true;
     } catch (RtMidiError& e) {
-        std::cout << "Midi Port error" << std::endl;
+        std::string msg = "Midi Port error: " + e.getMessage();
-        std::cerr << e.getMessage() << std::endl;
+        logger_->log("MIDI", LogFlag::Error, msg);
         return false;
     }
 }
@@ -82,6 +88,18 @@ void MidiController::handleMessage(const std::vector<unsigned char>& msg) {
     if(status == 0xFE) return; // "Active Sensing" -> 300ms heartbeat. could be useful to sense if this is missing for device failure detection
     if(status == 0xF8) return; // "Timing Clock" -> 24 pulses per quarter note, for steady rhythm. not useful for this instrument
 
+    if(status == 0xB0) { // channel mode change
+        if((data1 & 0xF0) == 0x70) { // all notes off for this channel
+            for(uint8_t i = 0; i < UINT8_MAX; i++) {
+                noteOff(i);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        // TODO: msg[0] contains the channel to turn all notes off for
+        // since the current implementation is channel agnostic, we just turn all notes off
+        // eventually we might have noteOff(channelLookup(msg[0]), i);
+    }
+
     // sustain pedal message event
     if(status == 0xB0 && data1 == 64) {
         handleSustain(data2 >= 64);

src/synth/NoteQueue.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,15 @@
 #include "NoteQueue.hpp"
 #include <iostream>
 
+NoteQueue::NoteQueue() {
+    
+}
+
+NoteQueue::NoteQueue(ConfigService* config, LoggerService* logger) :
+    config_(config), logger_(logger) {
+
+}
+
 // add event to noteQueue, called by MidiController or keyboardController
 bool NoteQueue::push(const NoteEvent& event) {
     size_t head = head_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);

src/synth/NoteQueue.hpp

@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <chrono>
 
+#include "ConfigService.hpp"
+#include "LoggerService.hpp"
+
 enum NoteEventType {
     NoteOn = 0,
     NoteOff
@@ -22,7 +25,8 @@ struct NoteEvent {
 class NoteQueue {
 
 public:
-    NoteQueue() = default;
+    NoteQueue();
+    NoteQueue(ConfigService* config, LoggerService* logger);
     ~NoteQueue() = default;
 
     bool push(const NoteEvent& event);
@@ -30,7 +34,10 @@ public:
 
 private:
     
-    static constexpr size_t SYNTH_NOTE_QUEUE_SIZE = 128;
+    ConfigService* config_;
+    LoggerService* logger_;
+
+    static constexpr size_t SYNTH_NOTE_QUEUE_SIZE = 128; // TODO: config
 
     std::array<NoteEvent, SYNTH_NOTE_QUEUE_SIZE> buffer_;
     std::atomic<size_t> head_{ 0 };

src/synth/Scope.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ ScopeBuffer::ScopeBuffer(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent) {
 
 }
 
-ScopeBuffer::ScopeBuffer(size_t size) : buffer_(size) {
+ScopeBuffer::ScopeBuffer(ConfigService* config, LoggerService* logger, size_t size) :
+    config_(config), logger_(logger), buffer_(size) {
 
 }
 

src/synth/Scope.hpp

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <atomic>
 
+#include "ConfigService.hpp"
+#include "LoggerService.hpp"
+
 class ScopeBuffer : public QObject  {
 
     Q_OBJECT // needed to attach to a qml component
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ class ScopeBuffer : public QObject  {
 public:
 
     explicit ScopeBuffer(QObject* parent = nullptr);
-    ScopeBuffer(size_t size);
+    ScopeBuffer(ConfigService* config, LoggerService* logger, size_t size);
     ~ScopeBuffer() = default;
 
     void push(float sample);
@@ -31,6 +34,9 @@ public:
 
 private:
 
+    ConfigService* config_;
+    LoggerService* logger_;
+
     std::vector<float> buffer_;
     std::atomic<size_t> writeIndex_{0};